strace 命令
软件安装
sudo apt update
sudo apt install strace -y
使用概述
追踪命令
~$ strace ls
execve("/bin/ls", ["ls"], 0xfffff59c3360 /* 15 vars */) = 0
set_tid_address(0xffffb153de88) = 7548
brk(NULL) = 0x29e9b000
brk(0x29e9d000) = 0x29e9d000
mmap(0x29e9b000, 4096, PROT_NONE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x29e9b000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld-musl-aarch64.path", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/local/lib/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=67384, ...}) = 0
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\267\0\1\0\0\0\340v\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 960) = 960
mmap(NULL, 135168, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xffffb147a000
mmap(0xffffb1499000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0xf000) = 0xffffb1499000
close(3) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/libgcc_s.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=132736, ...}) = 0
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\267\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 960) = 960
mmap(NULL, 200704, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xffffb1449000
mmap(0xffffb1478000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x1f000) = 0xffffb1478000
close(3) = 0
mprotect(0xffffb1499000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0xffffb1478000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x43f000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE) = 1
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, 0x30 /* CAP_??? */) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE) = 1
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, 0x2c /* CAP_??? */) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, 0x2a /* CAP_??? */) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, 0x29 /* CAP_??? */) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=58, ws_col=199, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=58, ws_col=199, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 20480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xffffb1531000
openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xffffb152f000
getdents64(3, 0xffffb152f048 /* 7 entries */, 2048) = 208
getdents64(3, 0xffffb152f048 /* 0 entries */, 2048) = 0
close(3) = 0
munmap(0xffffb152f000, 8192) = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=58, ws_col=199, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
writev(1, [{iov_base="setup.sh", iov_len=8}, {iov_base="\n", iov_len=1}], 2setup.sh
) = 9
close(1) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
不同系统的输出内容差异很大，毕竟涉及系统调用，此外 strace 追踪系统调用，需要注意几点
不涉及系统调用的